Les crises récentes au Moyen-Orient, notamment les attaques ciblant les navires commerciaux en mer Rouge et les tensions autour du détroit d'Ormuz, ont mis en évidence la vulnérabilité des principaux corridors stratégiques du commerce mondial. Plus qu'un bouleversement de l'organisation des…
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Policy BriefAugust 13, 2026
Policy BriefAugust 13, 2026The renewed instability in the Middle East has exposed Africa's continued vulnerability to external energy shocks. Shipping disruptions through the Strait of Hormuz, the maritime chokepoint through which roughly one-fifth of global oil and LNG supplies transit, have once again demonstrated that…
Policy BriefAugust 12, 2026La géographie mondiale des hydrocarbures n'est évidemment pas figée. De nouveaux producteurs de pétrole et/ou de gaz naturel apparaissent suite à des découvertes, le plus souvent réalisées par des compagnies pétrolières internationales. On pense notamment au Mozambique, qui produit et exporte du…
Policy BriefAugust 7, 2026THE END OF AN ERAThe US-Israeli war on Iran, a 'little excursion' envisaged to be over within a matter of weeks, has entered its fourth month. Shock waves ripple across the globe. This war is just one in a series of recent crises which have fractured the international community, making the decades…
Research PaperAugust 5, 2026This paper addresses the persistent challenge of resource dependence in the world's poorest countries, focusing on the ten poorest African nations where natural- resource rents average 14% of income. It argues that four decades of conventional policy advice, which treated resource dependence…
Policy PaperJuly 29, 2026En un siècle, le cours de l’once d’or est passé de 20 dollars à 5 300 dollars au premier trimestre 2026. Cette étude, consacrée à l’analyse de cette envolée, comporte deux parties.La première privilégie une approche historique. Elle retrace tout d’abord le changement de statut du précieux…
Policy BriefJuly 17, 2026Les relations, très étroites, entre l’énergie et la géopolitique sont bien connues. Cela vaut aussi pour plusieurs conflits armés. Mais, dans la période récente, le conflit le plus lié à l’énergie est la guerre d’Iran de 2026, qui a débuté le 28 février. Un cessez-le-feu est en vigueur depuis le 8…
Policy PaperJuly 9, 2026Cet essai analyse la guerre Iran–États-Unis–Israël de 2026 comme un révélateur de la transformation profonde de l’ordre international. À travers le prisme du droit de la mer, du détroit d’Ormuz, des alliances fragmentées, des câbles sous-marins et des flux énergétiques, il montre que le pouvoir…
Policy PaperJuly 3, 2026This Policy Paper has also been published in French and Spanish by Le Grand Continent Morocco offers a compelling example of how a middle-income economy can navigate a more fragmented global environment, characterized by weak growth and slower convergence. Since 2022, economic activity has…
Policy BriefJuly 2, 2026Africa is facing a massive electricity deficit that is impacting its economic and social development, and its ability to catch up with the rest of the world. It is imperative that the continent increase its electricity production to connect the 600 million people who are currently without access…
Policy PaperJune 24, 2026Africa today remains far from food secure. Chronic malnutrition, widespread anemia among women of childbearing age, stunting and wasting among young children, pervasive underemployment in both rural and urban areas, and a youth bulge frustrated by high unemployment are key features of a continent…Related topics:
Annual Report,Book / ReportJune 23, 2026L’Afrique atlantique émerge aujourd’hui comme un espace de réflexion stratégique majeur. Longtemps envisagée sous l’angle de sa fragmentation ou de sa marginalité relative dans les grands récits géopolitiques, cette façade maritime tend désormais à être appréhendée comme un ensemble en devenir,…
Policy BriefJune 16, 2026Geopolitical rivalries, and especially the competition for access to critical minerals, could be an opportunity for Africa. The objective of African mineral exporters is to diversify their partners and increase processing and value addition on the continent in order to create jobs and enhance…Related topics:
Policy BriefJune 15, 2026This article draws in part on perspectives shared by members of the Rihla Initiative for Green Economic Growth, whose regional insights helped inform the sections on how the costs of the war are being felt across the Global South. The war on Iran and in the Gulf has made it impossible to treat…
Policy BriefJune 11, 2026The global energy system has entered a period of acute structural stress following the strikes by the United States and Israel on Iran in late February 2026, and the subsequent disruption of flows through the Strait of Hormuz. According to the International Energy Agency, the resulting shock marks…Related topics:
Policy BriefJune 9, 2026In 2017, eight scientists from the Google research team published in the journal Advances in Neural Info Processing Systems the remarkable article “Attention is all you need,” which introduced a Transformer neural network architecture. The paper has been cited over 173,000 times and ranks among the…
Book / ReportJune 5, 2026Driven by its mission to reflect on and analyze the major geopolitical, economic, and societal transformations shaping the contemporary world, and with a view to contributing to knowledge-sharing and disseminating the main outcomes of its research program, the Policy Center for the New South…
Paper in Academic JournalsMay 29, 2026This Paper was originally published on tandfonline.com This paper examines how reductions in transportation costs reshape regional economic and environmental outcomes in Morocco. We simulate a reduction in delivered (purchasers’) costs via a transport-margin efficiency improvement –…
Policy PaperMay 14, 2026Decarbonization is reconfiguring global relative prices. As clean energy, natural capital, and location-specific assets become dominant industrial inputs, the relative cost of producing low-carbon goods is increasingly determined by geography. Two systematic distortions explain why the expected…
Policy BriefMay 5, 2026Gaspillage de l’eau et son mésusage : deux facteurs du stress hydriqueCe Policy Brief est consacré aux phénomènes de gaspillage et de mésusage de l’eau: deux impératifs de la lutte contre le stress hydrique, rappelés, avec insistance, par Sa Majesté le Roi Mohammed VI dans son discours…Related topics:
Policy PaperApril 28, 2026Climate policy is increasingly reshaping the conditions under which firms participate in international markets. As some jurisdictions introduce carbon border adjustments, lifecycle emissions standards, and supply-chain traceability requirements, market access is starting to be made conditional on…Related topics:
Policy BriefMarch 3, 2026Sur les marchés mondiaux de matières premières, l’année 2025 s’est inscrite dans le sillage de 2024 : une hausse record des cours des métaux précieux dans le contexte d’incertitudes, toujours plus marquées, et des métaux de base dont la performance a, une fois encore, été largement déterminée…Related topics:
Policy BriefFebruary 20, 2026Après plus de sept années de sécheresse, le Maroc a connu durant l’hiver 2025–2026 des précipitations exceptionnellement abondantes, témoignant d’une variabilité hydrique de plus en plus marquée. Cette alternance rapide entre déficit chronique et excès ponctuels révèle le paradoxe hydrique national…Related topics:
Policy BriefFebruary 9, 2026L’arrestation du président vénézuélien Nicolàs Maduro a suscité la sidération internationale en interrogeant sur le respect du droit international ; puis, fort logiquement, cette opération a conduit à maintes analyses tant sur les arguments politiques, sécuritaires et géostratégiques avancés…Related topics:
Policy PaperFebruary 3, 2026From the use of tariffs as a foreign policy instrument, to the weaponization of critical resources, and from targeted sanctions to attacks on critical infrastructure, economic security is at the forefront of international debates. The aggressive use of economic instruments for strategic purposes…
Policy PaperJanuary 26, 2026L’impératif de sécurisation des approvisionnements en ressources minérales stratégiques est au cœur des politiques publiques de réindustrialisation nord-américaine et européenne. L’essentiel des efforts porte toutefois sur les métaux de l’électromobilité (lithium, cuivre, nickel, cobalt, manganèse…Related topics:
Policy BriefJanuary 21, 2026In response to developing countries’ dissatisfaction with the New Collective Quantified Goal (NCQG) of $300 billion, which was decided at the Twenty-Ninth Conference Of the Parties (COP29) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, in 2024 in Baku, Azerbaijan, the COP29 and COP30…
Policy BriefJanuary 20, 2026This policy brief examines what the 2025–2026 period reveals about the future of global energy risk and the energy transition. After the shocks of 2021–2023, 2025 brought broad price easing: oil and coal prices declined as supply growth outpaced demand, and the World Bank projects further declines…
Policy BriefJanuary 13, 2026This policy brief was originally published on : euromesco.net This paper examines the nexus between governance structures, digital transformation, sustainability, and port service efficiency through an international comparative lens, with a specific focus on the Tanger Med–Algeciras corridor…Related topics:
Policy PaperJanuary 2, 2026Ce Policy Paper analyse les enjeux politiques, économiques et opérationnels du Fonds pour les pertes et dommages, créé pour répondre aux impacts climatiques irréversibles subis par les pays les plus vulnérables. Il clarifie d’abord la notion de pertes et dommages, qui mêle effets économiques et non…
Policy BriefDecember 19, 2025The U.S. military buildup in the Caribbean—the most significant since the Cuban Missile Crisis—comes at a moment when a new world order is taking shape, its contours still unclear, and in which the U.S. seeks to be more assertive in the Western Hemisphere. This disposition toward South America and…
Policy BriefNovember 13, 2025Africa today has only one real climate priority: adaptation. Africa should still push the rich countries of the Global North to cut emissions. But Africa should not have any illusions. Past mitigation efforts have had some positive effects but have not been sufficient to stay on track with the…Related topics:
Policy PaperL’avenir se décide aujourd’hui : pour une stratégie marocaine des minerais critiques et stratégiquesOctober 31, 2025Le secteur minier traverse une période critique où convergent transition énergétique mondiale, recompositions des chaînes d'approvisionnement et ambitions nationales d'industrialisation. Le Maroc, pays doté d'un patrimoine minier diversifié incluant phosphate, cobalt, cuivre et autres minerais…Related topics:
Policy PaperOctober 3, 2025Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly emerging as both an energy optimizer and a structural source of energy demand. While AI promises efficiency gains in forecasting, grid management, and emissions reduction, its expansion is already reshaping electricity systems: data center consumption could…
Policy BriefAugust 27, 2025La parution de la dernière édition (la 74ème) de la Statistical Review of World Energy (SRWE, 2025) est une bonne occasion de faire le point sur certaines grandes tendances du monde de l’énergie. Dans cette note, nous nous centrerons sur le continent africain. Tous les chiffres ci-dessous sont…Related topics:
Policy PaperAugust 18, 2025China's ascent to the position of the world's most prominent energy consumer has altered global energy markets and fundamentally reshaped the geopolitics of energy security. As China navigates the complexities of sustaining its economic momentum, ensuring access to reliable, affordable, and…Related topics:
Policy PaperJuly 2, 2025Dans un contexte devenu plus incertain et plus compliqué à la suite des décisions de la nouvelle administration américaine, les impératifs de la lutte contre le changement climatique et de la transition énergétique et écologique demeurent.Les banques centrales peuvent et doivent apporter leur…
Policy BriefJune 24, 2025This Paper was originally published on atlanticcouncil.org Following a decade-long partnership, the Policy Center for the New South and the Atlantic Council have joined forces around a new program focused on the power of the Atlantic. This series of publications and webinars will focus both on…Related topics:
Policy BriefMay 29, 2025Nigeria, long regarded as Africa’s oil powerhouse, is entering a new energy chapter, driven by the country’s strategic shift towards becoming the leading gas economy in the continent. With proven reserves exceeding 210 trillion cubic feet, Nigeria is set to emerge as Africa’s foremost gas producer…Related topics:
Policy PaperMay 27, 2025Cette étude est consacrée à la désalinisation de l’eau de mer, aux barrages et aux autoroutes de l’eau au Maroc, solutions innovantes privilégiées par Sa Majesté le roi Mohammed VI, notamment dans son discours du 29 juillet 2024 marquant le 25ème anniversaire de son accession au Trône.…Related topics:
Policy BriefMay 6, 2025Le 17 avril 2025, le géant britannique BP a annoncé qu’une première cargaison de gaz naturel liquéfié (GNL) avait été exportée à partir de ressources gazières exploitées au large du Sénégal et de la Mauritanie. Ces deux pays sont devenus, pour la première fois dans leur histoire, des exportateurs…Related topics:
Policy BriefApril 16, 2025The second Trump administration’s reversal of federal climate policy is reshaping the U.S. energy and industrial landscape, with significant implications for macroeconomic performance, clean technology competitiveness, and global climate cooperation. While the deregulatory shift and emphasis on…Related topics:
Policy PaperApril 14, 2025This paper (see pages: 165-198), included in the book 'Green intersections: the global embedding of climate change in policy' was originally published on bruegel.org The demand for energy in Africa is growing rapidly, driven by population growth, urbanisation and industrialisation.…Related topics:
Policy BriefMarch 21, 2025MENA faces a severe water crisis, with 12 of the world’s 17 most water-stressed countries. Climate change, population growth, inefficient water management, and weak governance drive this challenge. Water production, treatment, and distribution require high energy inputs, while energy generation…Related topics:
Policy BriefMarch 18, 2025Le lithium a vu ses prix s’effondrer au cours des deux dernières années, alors que sa demande devrait fortement croître pour alimenter l’essor programmé des véhicules électriques et des ‘’ clean techs ‘’. Paradoxe ou situation caractéristique des marchés mondiaux de matières où l’…
Policy BriefFebruary 26, 2025Geopolitical tensions and competing interests define the Eastern Mediterranean's energy landscape. Vast natural gas reserves offer economic potential, but overlapping maritime claims and ongoing conflicts—particularly the Israel-Lebanon war and the Gaza conflict—threaten existing agreements and…Related topics:
Policy BriefFebruary 19, 2025Fidèles à leur histoire jalonnée de crises et d’envolées spectaculaires, les marchés mondiaux de matières premières ont connu des développements contrastés en 2024. L’or, le cuivre, le café ou le cacao ont ainsi atteint des sommets historiques, tandis que le pétrole, le nickel ou le blé ont, parmi…Related topics:
Policy PaperJanuary 31, 2025La Chine domine de la tête et des épaules la production mondiale d’aluminium primaire et d’acier brut. Mais ce qui est assurément une force sur les marchés mondiaux des métaux laisse toutefois transparaître un certain nombre de risques, voire de faiblesses, auxquels groupes nationaux et autorités…Related topics:
Policy BriefJanuary 15, 2025The global energy landscape in 2024 reflects a complex interplay of geopolitical tensions, economic pressures, and uneven progress in clean energy transitions. Despite record growth in renewable energy deployment and advancements in low-carbon technologies, the world continues to fall short of…
Policy BriefDecember 20, 2024Ce papier a été initialement publié sur legrandcontinent.eu À bas bruit, plusieurs pays africains sont en train de monter dans la chaîne de valeur des véhicules électriques. Terrain de bataille de la rivalité sino-américaine sur les matières critiques, l’Afrique pourrait trouver dans…Related topics:
Policy BriefDecember 20, 2024Le bassin Atlantique est une zone très importante pour l’industrie internationale des hydrocarbures (pétrole et gaz naturel). Elle l’est en termes de réserves, de production et d’exportation de pétrole et de gaz. De plus, son potentiel est loin d’être complètement exploité, ce qui signifie qu’elle…Related topics:
Policy BriefDecember 18, 2024The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region is at a critical juncture, facing an intricate polycrisis defined by interlinked challenges including energy insecurity, water scarcity, migration, conflict, and socio-political fragmentation. These crises are not isolated; their interconnectedness…
Policy BriefNovember 27, 2024In September 2024, scientists at the European Union’s Copernicus Climate Change Service reported that summer 2024 was the hottest on record globally, and the previous twelve months posted a average global temperature that was a record 1.64 degrees Celsius (2.95 degrees Fahrenheit) above the…Related topics:
Policy BriefNovember 15, 2024Le 5 novembre 2024, Donald Trump a gagné son duel face à Kamala Harris. Le 45ème président des États-Unis sera aussi le 47ème et il prendra ses fonctions à la Maison Blanche le 20 janvier 2025. Les politiques de la future Administration Trump seront évidemment très différentes de celles qu’aurait…Related topics:
Policy PaperNovember 7, 2024Si la réalité même de la transition énergétique est parfois questionnée, voire remise en cause (Fressoz, 2023), l’effet de report qu’elle crée sur les ressources minérales, mis en évidence par de nombreuses études prospectives, apparaît indiscutable. Plus de cuivre, de lithium, de nickel, de…
Policy BriefOctober 30, 2024This paper examines the complex interplay between global climate ambitions and national interests within the New South—defined as a diverse group of emerging economies, each pursuing distinct geopolitical strategies, economic priorities, and development goals—seen through a realist lens…Related topics:
Policy BriefOctober 9, 2024The road to decarbonizing the planet runs through the energy transition, which includes the shift from fossil-fueled cars to renewable energy vehicles. This automotive transition is unfolding as a true revolution in the industry. The evolution toward electric and hybrid vehicles has come in tandem…
Policy PaperSeptember 24, 2024Green industrial policies are essential to enable the structural transformations needed for a successful transition to a low-carbon economy. Because of the pressing need to decouple economic growth from environmental degradation, it is imperative to reallocate resources strategically from carbon-…Related topics:
Policy BriefJuly 23, 2024Le rôle du secteur halieutique dans l’alimentation du continent africain est considérable : 22 % des protéines animales disponibles viennent des produits de la mer et des eaux douces et plus de 50 % dans certains pays africains, en particulier en Afrique du Nord et de l’Ouest. Les pêches et…Related topics:
Policy BriefJuly 2, 2024The agricultural sector is responsible for 72% of global water withdrawals, and is the biggest employer of the world’s most vulnerable and poor populations. Still, close to 84% of smallholder farms in low- and middle-income economies are located in water-scarce regions, with less than one third of…Related topics:
Policy PaperMay 24, 2024Africa has a wealth of natural resources, including minerals, agriculture, and energy commodities, which provides an opportunity for the financialization of these commodities on the continent, a concept that has gained global attention and sparked debate on the potential benefits and drawbacks.…Related topics:
Policy BriefMay 23, 2024Au cours de la prochaine décennie, la transition énergétique transformera le paysage économique mondial en termes de régulations, d’investissements industriels et énergétiques et de solutions technologiques développées. Le continent africain est appelé à jouer un rôle important dans…Related topics:
Policy PaperMay 20, 2024Carbon pricing mechanisms are central to mitigating climate change. These mechanisms work by internalizing the costs associated with greenhouse gas emissions, thus encouraging emissions reductions and promoting technological progress in favor of sustainable alternatives. However, the implementation…Related topics:
Policy PaperApril 29, 2024This study conducts an in-depth exploration of the increasing interest in voluntary carbon markets (VCMs) in Africa, shedding light on the potential opportunities and challenges associated with African participation in these markets. VCMs have gained prominence as promising means to address climate…Related topics:
Policy BriefApril 5, 2024National and regional visions for the future of water and food security have been at the forefront of sustainability talks. Nevertheless, the role of soil in water and food security and carbon management needs to be highlighted and integrated into these discussions and visions. The dynamic…Related topics:
Policy PaperApril 2, 2024The current decade is critical for global decarbonization. The ongoing energy transition will bring about changes in technology, commodities, infrastructure, supply chains, as well as geopolitical factors, which could give rise to new energy security challenges. It is therefore important to…Related topics:
Policy BriefMarch 26, 2024Low-carbon hydrogen is a potential contributor to the goals defined in the Paris Agreement, i.e. limiting the increase in the global average temperature to 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels. The transformation of hydrogen production is a part of this effort, as current production methods in the…Related topics:
Policy PaperFebruary 20, 2024Le contexte de tensions géopolitiques accrues et rémanentes que connaît le monde depuis quelques années, marqué par la dégradation des relations entre les États-Unis et la Chine, l'escalade des tensions à Taïwan, et le conflit entre la Russie et l'Ukraine, a engendré des répercussions…Related topics:
Policy BriefFebruary 7, 2024The energy landscape in 2024 is at a crossroads. Fossil fuels continue to dominate, with prices that are volatile due to geopolitical tensions and shifting demand patterns. However, renewable energy is on the rise thanks to cost declines, policy support, and growing consumer adoption. This Policy…Related topics:
Policy BriefJanuary 12, 2024A 2023 United Nations progress report (UN, 2023) showed that, of the 169 targets that make up the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), only 15% are on track, and progress on many has either stalled or regressed. The Water-Energy-Food nexus approach has highlighted the utmost importance of…Related topics:
