Migration

La migration en provenance de pays de la région MENA n’est plus limitée aux hommes, car de plus en plus de femmes arabes et africaines entreprennent cette aventure. Les motivations sont diverses, allant des perspectives économiques à l'éducation, en passant par les motifs de regroupement familial. Cette évolution a mis en évidence une intersection complexe d'aspects liés au travail, au genre et à la migration. Dans ce Papier, nous proposons une étude comparative couvrant deux contex ...

After the European Parliament cleared the 26 candidates proposed by Member States to form the European Commission for 2024-2029, the new European super-ministers will take up their functions on 1 December, with a revised portfolio structure. Where does Africa fit into this new organizational chart of the European Commission? Jozef Síkela, a Czech banker with a professional career in Austria, Slovenia and Ukraine, lately serving as his country’s Ministry of Industry, has been appoin ...

Following the European Parliament’s approval of the 26 candidates proposed by Member States to form the new European Commission (2024-2029), the new European super-ministers will take office on 1 December. Notably, for the first time, the core of “Europe’s government” includes two representatives from the far-right: Italian Raffaele Fitto, nominated by the Meloni Government as Vice-President for Cohesion and Reforms, overseeing structural funds, and Hungarian Olivér Várhelyi, appoin ...

The Lake Chad Basin is home to over 3 million internally displaced persons (IDPs),[1] a number expected to rise due to the recent flooding affecting Chad, Niger, Nigeria, and Cameroon since August. While the primary cause of displacement remains the ongoing violent conflict in the region, the climate crisis is exacerbating existing vulnerabilities and, in the short-term, spurring new waves of displacement in areas already hosting large populations displaced by conflict and insecurit ...

Significant historical milestones have redefined global power structures and shaped the evolution of transatlantic relations. From the Peace of Westphalia to the end of the Cold War, international relations have undergone major transitions. The fall of the Soviet Union and the dissolution of the Eastern Bloc created new dynamics within the transatlantic alliance, offering both challenges and opportunities for Western countries to realign their strategies in a rapidly changing world. ...

The issue of migration between Europe and Africa is not just a humanitarian or social dilemma, but a strategic challenge that will shape the twenty-first century. At its core, it reflects the collision of powerful forces—migration, climate change, human development, energy resources, rare commodities, and demographic pressures—each with significant geopolitical implications. Among these, migration, climate change, and human development stand out as critical issues that exacerbate an ...

Immigration has never been without tensions. In the United States, immigration remains a contentious issue that now, more than ever, dominates election campaigns. A 727-kilometer wall has been constructed on the US-Mexico border to halt the influx of migrants from the south. In Europe, the rise of far-right parties over the past twenty years has culminated in them becoming a major political force in the European Parliament ahead of the June 2024 elections. The tension around immigr ...

En mars 2024, la Commission européenne a annoncé, à Bruxelles, le lancement d'un partenariat sur les migrations avec la Mauritanie. Ylva Johanasson, Commissaire aux affaires intérieures, et Mohamed Ahmed Ould Mohamed Lemine, ministre mauritanien de l'Intérieur et de la décentralisation, ont signé une déclaration commune officialisant ledit partenariat. La Commission européenne a annoncé les principes directeurs de l'accord, qui résonnent sans surprise avec le dernier pact ...

Most high-income countries will experience declines in their populations over the next few decades. Some negative consequences of aging are on the horizon: greater fiscal imbalances and risks of economic stagnation. Immigration may by a way for those countries to mitigate the tendency. On the source side of immigration flows, brain drain is a risk. The policy paper presents the case of Japan, a nation that has grappled with the consequences of a declining and aging population fo ...

تعج وسائل الاعلام في لبنان،وحتى خارجه, بأرقام ومعطيات حول تواجد اللاجئين السوريين في مختلف مدن البلاد. في ظل انعدام ارقام رسمية عن العدد الحقيقي لهؤلاء اللاجئين، تزدهر الأخبار الكاذبة والمعطيات المغلوطة عن العائلات التي ارتأت الهروب من بلدها الأم الذي يرزح تحت وطأة حرب، دفعت بالسوريين خارج بلادهم منذ اندلاع الثورة السورية سنة 2011. ومنذ ذلك الحين، لا تزال سوريا تعرف أكبر أزمة لاجئين في العالم حسب تقارير المفوضية السامية للأمم المتحدة لشؤون اللاجئين (UNHCR). فحسب ذات المصدر، أُجبر أك ...

This report was originally published on iemed.org In the last decade, it has become very clear that climate change is not a problem of the future. This threat multiplier is causing severe natural disasters, rising sea levels, desertification, and rising temperatures in every continent, reminding us that it is not only the global South that is experiencing and will be experiencing its direct effects. It is true, however, that some of the most severe impacts of climate change are ind ...

Le présent travail s’intéresse à la question de l’accompagnement et la réintégration des travailleuses marocaines saisonnières en Espagne. Il met en avance l’existence de déficits à plusieurs niveaux. Des plus importants sont : une inclusion financière et un accompagnement en matière de renforcement de l’employabilité ; un accompagnement en matière d’alphabétisation financière ; un accompagnement en matière de création, et post-création, d'activités génératrices de revenus ; un acco ...

Western states are increasingly sending asylum-seekers caught at their borders to states in the Global South, in violation of humanitarian principles about the right to asylum. Critics have also noted the racial dimensions of this policy, asking why Ukrainian refugees aren’t being sent to Rwanda for processing or resettlement? What has not received attention in this discussion is how, in response to internal and external pressures, African states are developing migration management ...

Their boat-if you name a large rubber pumped up like a giant tire, was rocked by waves, and the engine halted its movements. On November 24, all the 29 passengers tried to reach coastguard stations in France and England via their cell phones few minutes between life and death. No one answered, and when finally contact was established by another, still floating migrant boat, witnessing the tragedy in the making (New York Times December 14, 2021), they were asked to pinpoint their l ...

Ce Policy Brief se propose d’apporter un éclairage sur la nouvelle place du Sud dans les relations internationales et le rôle que peut jouer le Maroc dans cet essor. Il existe, en effet, des opportunités pour le Royaume du Maroc de représenter et d’accompagner son continent d’appartenance, l’Afrique, pour la promotion des narratifs alternatifs, notamment sur les questions du changement climatique et de la migration. ...

This Policy Brief was drafted within a partnership with NATO Southern Hub (NSD-S Hub) and was originally published on NSD-S Hub website:  The Southern Hub | The Challenge of the Youth Bulge in Africa and the Middle East - Migration and The Brain Drain By 2050, the population of Africa is expected to double, the proportion of people in their working age is projected to increase sharply and a “youth bulge”, namely a relatively y 2050, the population of Africa is expected to double, ...

Si les migrations en provenance d’Afrique constituent la priorité des politiques européennes de contrôle des frontières extérieures de l’Union européenne (UE), les dynamiques migratoires africaines sont pourtant avant tout régionales. Les migrations subsahariennes sont très peu connectées aux flux transcontinentaux : plus de 70 % restent en Afrique. Si l’on observe le continent dans son ensemble, en y ajoutant les pays du Maghreb et l’Afrique du Sud (deux régions mieux connectées a ...

The proposal for a European Union New Pact on Migration and Asylum, submitted by the European Commission on September 23, 2020, for approval by the European Parliament and the European Council, aims to provide a comprehensive response to the challenges posed to EU countries by migration and asylum. It is another step in the politically toxic attempts to reconcile the many fractures dividing Europe around the issue of migration: between the Mediterranean countries of first arrival of ...

La Commission de l’Union européenne (UE) a présenté, le 23 septembre 2020, son Pacte sur la migration et l’asile, supposé être l’un des piliers de la nouvelle présidence de l’instance exécutive. Sur ce sujet, devenu quasi-existentiel pour l’UE, l’ambition est de repenser la stratégie migratoire européenne, en prônant une approche pragmatique et réaliste pour faire face à ce « défi » dont les enjeux divisent profondément l’Union, depuis l’afflux des réfugiés en 2015, qui a renforcé l ...

It is only recently that the international community has begun referring to tackling the root causes of migration. The importance of job creation has emerged as one of the key ways to convince young people to stay in their countries of origin. However, solely creating jobs is insufficient if the jobs are vulnerable and do not pay decent wages. This policy brief provides recommendations on priority areas to ensure decent living conditions in origin countries. These priorities include ...

*/ Depuis le 12 mars, les frontières et les communications aériennes, maritimes et terrestres entre l’Espagne et le Maroc sont fermées à cause de la crise du COVID-19. Mais au-delà de la fermeture transitoire des frontières, la crise sanitaire, doublée de la crise économique qui se laisse déjà ressentir en Espagne, aura un fort impact sur un million de ressortissants marocains résidant en Espagne. Au 1er janvier 2019 (derniers chiffres officiels disponibles), leur nombre était de 8 ...

The Moroccan diaspora contributes in major ways to Morocco’s economic development. Moroccan migrants ease the country’s chronic unemployment and underemployment problems, send remittances, invest in the home country, and typically visit Morocco frequently as tourists. In addition to that migrants usually retain close links with Morocco, and help in less direct ways to forge trade and third-party investment links between Morocco and their host countries. Drawing on the relatively sma ...

In the upcoming months, European Union (EU) member states and African, Caribbean and Pacific countries (ACP) are expected to adopt a new agreement that will replace the existing Cotonou framework due to expire by February 2020. The ACP Group and the EU respectively adopted the mandates of negotiations in May and June 2018. The beginning of negotiations was scheduled one year earlier but was delayed due to diverging positions on the matter of migration. Consequently, the formal adopt ...

Sans accorder une importance excessive aux limites démarquant les différentes tranches d’âge, les jeunes se définissent, pour l’essentiel, comme ceux dont l’âge se situe entre 18 et 35 ans, en intégrant les au-delà des 35 ans les « jeunes vieux » (ceux qui restent jeunes d’esprit, d’agir, et de manière d’être) et de « vieux jeunes » (ceux qui vieillissent très tôt dans leur mode d’être, de penser et de faire). Ainsi, il n’existe pas une seule jeunesse africaine mais des jeunesses a ...

The global migration problem cannot be wished away; it has to be managed. Morocco provides an example of how responsibility for migration management can be handled by African states. The latest statistics of the European Border and Coast Guard Agency (FRONTEX) identify the Western Mediterranean route from Morocco to Spain as the busiest migratory route into Europe last year, with 57,034 illegal attempts to enter the continent recorded. However, a parallel look at the Moroccan gover ...

Tosin Durotoye is an alumna of the Atlantic Dialogues Emerging Leaders Program 2018.  On an unremarkable day in 2015, I woke up and decided it was time to move back home. At the time, “home” was the United States where I’d spent my formative years and lived for over 20 years. However, my birth home – the home at the core of my identity and the home I would be returning to - was Nigeria. My family had immigrated to the U.S. during the Abacha era – a time of great social and politic ...

Le « Pacte mondial pour des migrations sûres, ordonnées et régulières » a été adopté à Marrakech les 10 et 11 décembre 2018, à l’issue de 18 mois de consultations et de négociations. Il est présenté comme le premier accord des Nations unies sur une approche globale des migrations internationales dans toutes ses dimensions. S’il vise à devenir la pierre angulaire d’une gouvernance mondiale des migrations, souhaitée par la communauté internationale, il se heurte pourtant à des priorit ...

The “Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration” was adopted in Marrakesh on 10 and 11 December 2018, after 18 months of consultation and negotiation. It is presented as the first United Nations’ agreement on a comprehensive approach to international migration in all its aspects. Although it aims to become the cornerstone of global governance of international migration, sought by the international community, it is however coming up against contradicting national prioriti ...

The yearly Atlantic Currents publication aims to provide a detailed analysis and a fresh perspective about ongoing cultural, economic, political and security dynamics that are shaping the wider Atlantic area today. Launched in December during the Atlantic Dialogues Conference, previous editions explored ways to change mental maps and examined promising opportunities for the African continent. The chapters in this edition of the Atlantic Currents aim to cover key issues and choke po ...

This Policy Paper aims to provide a better understanding of the drivers of youth unemployment in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region by examining some common factors and then delving deeper into the case of Morocco, a relatively stable country that has historically been a source of large emigration, especially towards Europe. The MENA region has some of the highest total and youth unemployment rates in the world. High youth unemployment is especially worrisome because it ...

Livelihoods of northern Niger’s population depended for centuries on trade and cross-border movement of licit goods with Libya. Historical trends of domestic and regional shocks demonstrated the ability of local communities to adapt and adjust to transformations caused by these shocks to survive. People moving through and living in the area have different motivations and reasons to cross to Libya and beyond, but economic drivers remain the key factor. The local economy has suffered ...

Le séminaire de haut niveau, organisé par OCP Policy Center ce 2 novembre 2018 à Rabat, est axé sur « La migration : réconcilier les visions du Nord et du Sud ».  Il sera question dans cette rencontre, organisée en partenariat avec le Ministère délégué auprès du ministre des Affaires étrangères et de la Coopération internationale, Chargé des Marocains résidant à l’étranger, des affaires de la migration et l’IeMED, de la coopération internationale pour « lever les obstacles à la mob ...

Le présent Policy Brief propose un nouveau regard sur la mobilité africaine vers l’Europe, en proposant d’investir dans le capital « migrants » à travers la formation professionnelle des candidats à la migration, principalement ceux parmi eux motivés par la recherche des opportunités d’emploi en Europe. Cette qualification devrait leur permettre de développer des compétences sollicitées dans le marché de travail européen. L’idée d’implantation, dans certains pays africains, de cent ...

Le partenariat Afrique Europe fait son chemin depuis l'adoption de la stratégie commune Afrique-UE et la négociation complexe des Accords de Partenariat Economiques. L’évaluation des volets commercial, financier et humain de ces relations multidimensionnelles fait ressortir la persistance de grands déséquilibres dans les échanges commerciaux de biens et services, des tensions dans la gestion de la mobilité humaine et des dysfonctionnements dans les mécanismes institutionnels de part ...

For decades, the North African Maghreb has been both a source of irregular migration to Europe and a gateway for sub-Saharan Africans transiting to Europe. Now the Maghreb is also emerging as a destination for migration. While Europe remains the preferred destination for most African migrants, reaching Europe is becoming increasingly difficult at precisely the time that migration pressures in Africa are mounting. Africa’s massive migration is just getting started—and this presents ...

« Revise, Reboot, Rebuild : Strategies for a time of Distrust »: that was this year’s theme for the Brussels Forum, a yearly high-level conference held from March 8th to 10th by the US think tank German Marshall Fund (GMF), partner of the OCP Policy Center who attended the event through its delegation. This meeting of some 400 policymakers, academics and private sector operators is reviewing the relationship between Europe and the United States. Brexit, the Trump administration, the ...

A clear African perspective and a candid debate… This is how the 6th edition of the Atlantic Dialogues high-level conference, organized by the Moroccan think tank OCP Policy Center in Marrakech, has started this morning. The six authors of the 2017 edition of the annual report Atlantic Currents, published by the OCP Policy Center, have debated with the room - some 350 participants - on the crucial questions of African migration, economic integration, and the possibilities of a conti ...

The CNN report broadcasted on November 14th on a sale of African migrants as slaves in Lybia has caused a wave of shock and protest. More than ever, the African migration, often perceived as a scourge, is on the agenda. The Atlantic Dialogues will discuss it in another way. Why ? Because the cold analysis of facts and figures shows that the African clandestine migration to Europe, far from an invasion, may well be an opportunity...  « African Migration : A Cause for Panic ? » With ...

According to the European Union over a million asylum rejected asylum seekers have been ordered to return to their country of origin from Europe alone, or will be soon. To these could be added refugees that have been given temporary shelter but who could be asked to return once conditions in their home country improve. The debate on returning asylum seekers and refugees is nearly always cast in political, legal and humanitarian terms. This paper looks at the question of return stric ...

Europe and North Africa are bound in a strategic relationship. The stability, security and prosperity of both regions are inextricably linked. European countries - both individually and collectively (inside and outside the framework of the European Union) - have to develop a more strategic approach to their southern neighbourhood in order to overcome the current migration crisis, work with the North African states to counter violent extremism, and make the most of the many economic ...

Africa’s population is projected to reach almost 2.5 billion by 2050. Migration from Africa to the EU is relatively stable, at around 500,000 migrants per year, or 0.1 percent of the EU population, yet irregular immigration into the EU has increased recently. Development is often seen as the way to reduce migration but the development-migration nexus is complex. At low levels of development, migration might increase with rising GDP per capita. This applies to most of sub-Saharan Af ...

Les personnes sont certes libres de choisir les lieux de leurs séjours dans le pays où ils résident, ce mouvement interne n’est pourtant pas sans impacts sur les politiques de l’Etat et sur ses stratégies. Les différences de peuplement sont à l’origine des disparités interrégionales qui à leur tour agissent sur la mobilité. Le dépeuplement de certaines régions peut les transformer en zones grises et incontrôlées, créant par là même des soucis sécuritaires et de défense. Si l’Etat n ...

This policy brief reviews the recently published EU Global Strategy, highlighting its main strengths and weaknesses as well as innovations, starting with the concept of resilience. It argues that the document has many strengths for being a compromise text written at a time of deep uncertainty about the EU's own future. The brief also comments on the future of EU-Morocco relations in the new framework. It notes that the strategy perhaps missed an opportunity to reaffirm European-Moro ...

This paper will take stock of the economic performance of Europe and the Arab world, examining how they can do better by working together. The paper pays special attention to the trade, investment, migration and energy linkages between the two regions, as well as those among the Arab countries, as well as how they can be improved to achieve better development. Whereas we present a southern perspective, with Arab countries as main focus, the purpose is to understand the constraints f ...

Lors de la douzième rencontre du groupe de la stratégie méditerranéenne tenue à Turin en Décembre, l’échange entre les cultures a été évoqué comme levier de développement de la dimension humaine dans les questions méditerranéennes. Plusieurs intervenants ont présenté cet échange comme une formule permettant de mieux connaitre l’autre et par conséquent de vaincre cette peur de celui que nous ne connaissons pas ou que nous connaissons peu. Il y a certes un problème de perception entr ...

The contribution that the diaspora makes to development in the country of origin is examined. Drawing on a recent World Bank survey of migrants from the MENA countries, the needs of the diaspora and the development role it can play through its organizations are reviewed. A constructive interaction with the diaspora can be greatly enhanced by supportive policies in the country of origin. The main focus of the paper is on the Middle East and North African region, and more specifically ...

It is important to understand how today’s migrations are shaping the architecture of Africa and South America, creating intensive South-South and South-North movement, but a weak flow between the two continents. Political, socioeconomic, and environmental differences between Africa and South America could lead to imbalanced migratory processes between the two continents. Migration policy is not a purely rational enterprise; it is usually designed to please public opinion, and remain ...

This report examines migration patterns in and between the two continents of the South Atlantic Basin — Africa and South America. It assesses migration governance and the migration provisions of regional economic integration agreements and explores the potential of migration and diasporas to accelerate economic development in the South Atlantic. ...

In the 21st century, international migration is experiencing a remarkable evolution. In 2013, the number of migrants going from one developing country to another was roughly equal to those going from developing countries to the world’s advanced economies. Meanwhile, many European countries are experiencing significant emigration for the first time in more than a generation. As old dividing lines between countries of origin and countries of destination blur, states are realizing that ...

This paper analyzes the future of migrations related to climate changes and environment degradations. He shows how the dominant public reasoning remains inappropriate for addressing these issues, because of the Western/Northern countries' misconception of the relation between migration and environmental changes, including the cultural and political biases these countries show in the solutions they propose. The discrepancy between public policies and the actual reality of climatic an ...

The potential synergy between development and migration has become a key feature of most international migration politics. However, this relationship is far from evident. Flore Gubert helps better understand the complexity of this relationship through the comparison of two regional contexts (Mexico and North Africa), and shows how the political and economic context prevailing in the countries of origin modifies the link between migration and development. This Note de l'Ifri is the ...