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L’AES face aux défis de la fragmentation territoriale et de l’instabilité politique
Authors
Nezha Alaoui M’hammdi
Larabi Jaïdi
January 6, 2026
Related topics: 
Security & Defense
Armed conflicts
International Relations
Geopolitics
International Organisations
Economy
Macroeconomics and regulation
Africa
Sahel

La création de l’Alliance des États du Sahel (AES) symbolise une rupture politique et géostratégique majeure, appuyée sur un discours souverainiste et anti-occidental. Deux ans après, Mali, Burkina Faso et Niger peinent à assurer leur intégrité territoriale, à stabiliser leur sécurité intérieure et à bâtir une gouvernance solide. L’intégrité territoriale est un problème commun aux trois États, car dans ces pays, la cohésion de l’État et le contrôle du territoire sont directement menacés par une combinaison de facteurs sécuritaires, politiques, ethniques et géographiques. Dans le contexte sahélien, l’intégrité territoriale ne renvoie pas seulement à la défense des frontières nationales, mais aussi — et surtout — à la capacité de l’État à exercer son autorité sur l’ensemble de son espace. Les trois pays du Sahel sont confrontés à un même phénomène : une fragmentation territoriale persistante, résultant de l’enracinement du jihadisme, de la crise politique et des défis socio-économiques.

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