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L’Otan, « acteur global de la sécurité internationale », à l’épreuve des bouleversements géopolitiques régionaux
Authors
Youssef Amrani
Guillaume Lasconjarias
Jean-Loup Samaan
April 6, 2016

Lors du Sommet de Lisbonne des 19 et 20 novembre 2010, l’Alliance atlantique a adopté son troisième concept stratégique post-bipolaire qui consacre le processus de transformation structurelle et fonctionnelle. La projection de puissance et la stabilisation des théâtres extérieurs sont les nouvelles missions qui viennent s’ajouter à la mission classique de la défense mutuelle. Dès lors, l’OTAN passe du rôle d’alliance défensive régionale à celui d’acteur international de sécurité et de défense offensif.

Les sommets de Chicago (2012) et de Newport (2014) tentent de donner sens au nouveau concept stratégique alors même que l’OTAN peine à trouver un consensus sur ses prétentions de projection stratégique. Elle semble toutefois résolue à conforter la lutte contre les menaces asymétriques et la gestion des crises. Le prochain sommet de Varsovie (juillet 2016) devrait donner forme à au moins deux orientations stratégiques : 1-le lancement opérationnel de la nouvelle force “fer de lance” à haute réactivité ; 2- La mise en forme du “partenariat durable” entre l’OTAN et l’Afghanistan dans le cadre de l’actuelle mission de formation des forces de sécurité afghanes, connue sous le nom de “Résolute Support”.

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