Security & Defense

Sudan’s Heritage: Looting as a Weapon of WarSudan, in addition to the political and humanitarian crisis that has shaken the country for years, is now facing a worrying degradation of its cultural heritage, both tangible and intangible, particularly in areas where the fighting is most intense. Cultural heritage has become another victim of this war: the destruction of archaeological sites and the looting of museums fuel the illicit trafficking of cultural property and contribute to r ...

Le Soudan, en plus de la crise politique et humanitaire qui le secoue depuis des années, doit faire face à une dégradation inquiétante de son patrimoine culturel, matériel et immatériel. Particulièrement dans les zones où les combats sont les plus intenses. Le patrimoine culturel soudanais est l’autre victime de cette guerre : la destruction des sites archéologiques et le pillage des musées alimentent le trafic illicite des biens culturels et contribuent aux dynamiques d’instabilité ...

إلى جانب الأزمة السياسية والإنسانية التي تعصف بالسودان منذ سنوات، أضحى التراث الثقافي السوداني ضحية لهذه الحرب حيث شهد تدهوراً مقلقا، لا سيما في المناطق التي تشهد أعنف المعارك ً. فقد أدت عمليات تدمير المواقع الأثرية ونهب المتاحف إلى تغذية شبكات الاتجار غير المشروع بالممتلكات الثقافية، الأمر الذي يزيد من تفاقم ديناميات عدم الاستقرار في المنطقةوتدور رحى الحرب بين الجيش النظامي، أو القوات المسلحة السودانية (SAF) بقيادة عبد الفتاح البرهان، وبين قوات الدعم السريع، (RS ...

Bientôt disponible sur Livremoi. Ce livre n’est pas un énième essai sur les Fake news. Il refuse les raccourcis moralisants, les solutions toutes faites ou les anathèmes technophobes. Ce que propose ici l’auteur, c’est une cartographie rigoureuse et plurielle d’un désordre informationnel devenu structurel — non pas un simple accident de parcours numérique, mais un révélateur des tensions démocratiques, des fractures institutionnelles et sociétales ainsi que des reconfi ...

The convergence of armed group drone warfare and cartel expansion in the Sahel is a global problem with direct consequences for the United States. Far from being a peripheral conflict, instability in the Sahel directly affects American safety, security, and prosperity. For U.S. safety, Jama’at Nusrat al-Islam wal-Muslimin (JNIM)’s rapid shift from crude drone experiments to battlefield strikes—combined with cartel drone attacks and Ukraine-trained operatives—means tactics tested abr ...

The October 2025 general elections in Tanzania unfold within a political culture grounded in consensus and institutional continuity. President Samia Suluhu Hassan’s leadership has reopened political space by restoring elite dialogue, easing restrictions on rallies, and facilitating the return of exiled figures. Yet the exclusion of CHADEMA—the principal opposition party—highlights the enduring limits of pluralism. This paper analyzes the Tanzanian electoral process less as a convent ...

The Atlantic Initiative, announced by King Mohammed VI in November 2023 to provide landlocked Sahelian countries with access to the Atlantic Ocean via Moroccan territory, promises to profoundly reshape the bilateral relationship between Rabat and Nouakchott. This research paper examines how this unprecedented project creates new strategic opportunities while raising shared challenges for Morocco and Mauritania. Diplomatically, the rapprochement around the Atlantic Initiative unfolds ...

This policy brief analyzes the first 100 days in office of Chancellor Friedrich Merz, which have been marked by an assertive foreign policy, ambitious security reforms, and a shift toward economic pragmatism. Merz has sought to reestablish Germany as a ‘leading middle power’, emphasizing closer European coordination, renewed transatlantic engagement, and unwavering support for Ukraine. However, his approach to the Gaza conflict, characterized by alignment with U.S. positions and rel ...

L’Initiative Atlantique, annoncée par le Roi Mohammed VI en novembre 2023, visant à offrir aux pays sahéliens enclavés un accès à l’océan Atlantique via le territoire marocain, promet de redessiner en profondeur la relation bilatérale entre Rabat et Nouakchott. Cet article examine comment ce projet inédit crée de nouvelles opportunités stratégiques tout en soulevant des défis partagés pour le Maroc et la Mauritanie. Sur le plan diplomatique, le rapprochement autour de l’Initiative A ...

Jama’at Nusrat al-Islam wal Muslimin (JNIM), alongside the Front de Libération de l’Azawad (FLA), has pioneered drone warfare in the Sahel–evolving from its first armed strike in September 2023 to over a dozen coordinated operations by June 2025. JNIM’s drone-enabled attacks–spanning kamikaze strikes, ISR- guided assaults, and visual propaganda–now target Mali, Burkina Faso, and Togo. It is the only known armed group in Africa–and one of the few globally–to conduct sustained, opera ...

While global attention has been focused on the Houthi rebel attacks in the Red Sea, Somali pirates have seized the opportunity to escalate their own attacks and violence along these strategic waterways. The threat is increasing dramatically due to an emerging network of allies between Al-Shabaab, the Houthis, and Somali pirates, as well as overlapping national and international factors. The first successful Somali piracy incident since 2017 took place in December 2023, a month ...