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Le Fonds pour les pertes et dommages, spécificités et conditions de réussite
January 2, 2026

Ce Policy Paper analyse les enjeux politiques, économiques et opérationnels du Fonds pour les pertes et dommages, créé pour répondre aux impacts climatiques irréversibles subis par les pays les plus vulnérables. Il clarifie d’abord la notion de pertes et dommages, qui mêle effets économiques et non économiques, et souligne les défis d’attribution liés à la superposition entre chocs climatiques et fragilités structurelles. L’analyse met ensuite en lumière les tensions d’économie politique qui entourent le Fonds : incertitudes sur le périmètre des contributeurs, risques d’aléa moral, articulation avec les instruments existants et difficulté à définir des critères d’éligibilité pertinents. Elle insiste également sur l’ampleur du déficit de financement et la nécessité de mécanismes innovants pour garantir des ressources prévisibles. Enfin, le papier examine les défis de gouvernance, notamment le rôle transitoire de la Banque mondiale, l’accès direct pour les pays vulnérables et la capacité du Fonds à décaisser rapidement. Il conclut que l’efficacité du dispositif dépendra de sa capacité à cibler les pertes « au-delà de l’adaptation » et à renforcer la résilience structurelle plutôt que de se limiter à des réponses ponctuelles.

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