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Un monde en fracture : l’Amérique de Trump face aux lignes de faille de l’ordre international
Authors
May 20, 2025

Le retour de Trump à la présidence des États-Unis en 2025 accélère l’effondrement de l’ordre international issu de 1945, déjà fragilisé par ses contradictions internes, ses promesses non tenues et son incapacité à intégrer le Sud global. Dans un monde traversé par une polycrise — climatique, énergétique, financière et alimentaire — Trump 2.0 incarne un tournant vers un réalisme assumé, où les alliances sont conditionnelles, les institutions multilatérales instrumentalisées, et les règles remplacées par des rapports de force bilatéraux. La doctrine Bessent transforme le FMI et la Banque mondiale en leviers de fidélité géopolitique, tandis que la doctrine Monroe est élargie à l’échelle mondiale pour verrouiller les infrastructures, les flux logistiques et les normes au service de la puissance américaine.

Face à cette hégémonie coercitive, la Chine bâtit un ordre parallèle fondé sur l’autonomie financière (CIPS, yuan numérique), les infrastructures stratégiques (BRI) et des coalitions alternatives (AIIB, BRICS+). Mais elle reste pragmatique et sans projet idéologique global. Le Nouveau Sud, moteur de la croissance mondiale mais toujours exclu des centres de décision, reste pris dans une triple dépendance — financière, technologique et normative. S’il veut passer de la croissance à la souveraineté, il doit rompre avec la passivité, construire ses propres instruments de gouvernance, et s’affirmer comme acteur stratégique dans un monde où seuls pèsent ceux qui maîtrisent les leviers du réel.

En synthèse, ce texte propose une lecture réaliste, critique et profondément structurée du basculement géopolitique de l’ère Trump 2.0, en soulignant la fin d’un cycle multilatéral universaliste ainsi que l’émergence d’un monde fondé sur la puissance, la loyauté conditionnelle et la fragmentation stratégique. Le défi du 21ème siècle est clair : refonder l’ordre mondial avec — ou malgré — ses fractures.

 

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