Publications /
Policy Paper

Back
Desarrollar el nuevo Sur tras el Consenso de Washington
December 20, 2024

Este artículo se publicó originalmente en legrandcontinent.eu

En una era de interconexión mundial sin precedentes, los países en desarrollo se enfrentan a un panorama económico cada vez más complejo y a menudo hostil. Este panorama está configurado por tres grupos principales de limitaciones políticas. En primer lugar, el aumento entre las grandes potencias de las tendencias proteccionistas ha hecho más difícil el entorno mundial, sobre todo porque las economías avanzadas recurren cada vez más a las políticas industriales para alcanzar objetivos económicos específicos, y la intensificación de las rivalidades geopolíticas conduce a la reestructuración de las cadenas de valor mundiales y a la reagrupación de los países en bloques económicos. En segundo lugar, en un momento en el que la demanda de servicios públicos alcanza cotas sin precedentes, el margen de maniobra de la política macroeconómica de los países en desarrollo se ha reducido considerablemente. Una serie de crisis —desde la crisis financiera mundial hasta el COVID-19, pasando por las crisis de los precios de los productos básicos— han agotado los recursos presupuestarios de los gobiernos. En tercer lugar, los rápidos avances tecnológicos son perturbadores y hacen que las reformas tradicionales de las políticas de crecimiento y transformación estructural queden obsoletas, lo que obliga a experimentar en ámbitos nuevos y desconocidos.

Estos tres grupos de limitaciones políticas han creado una tormenta perfecta de retos para los países en desarrollo. Este texto examina el impacto polifacético de los cambios globales en las opciones de política económica de que disponen los países en desarrollo. En la actualidad, estos países se enfrentan al reto de operar sin un marco claro y coherente para sus políticas y estrategias de desarrollo. Esto ha dado lugar a un cambio de paradigma caracterizado por un panorama en el que «cada país va por su cuenta», lo que se traduce en la ausencia de objetivos o instrumentos políticos claros para navegar por esta nueva realidad. Este enfoque es insostenible y plantea riesgos significativos para la estabilidad económica mundial y el desarrollo integrador. Este documento propone una alternativa: un marco de política económica sólido, matizado y adaptado que aborde los retos específicos de los países en desarrollo y, al mismo tiempo, aproveche sus puntos fuertes y su potencial inherentes.

RELATED CONTENT

  • Authors
    Hala Boumaiz
    November 15, 2019
    The effects of new technologies on the ways in which we think, govern, work and socialize are already posing complex problems for decision-makers, citizens and corporates, leading to reactions of rejection that reflect fear or lack of preparation in coping with digital transformations. Due to these changes, the classical patterns shaping our society - be it within the political, economic, or social spheres - have been rapidly altered. With this fast-paced transformation, the general ...
  • Authors
    Pedro da Motta Veiga
    November 14, 2019
    Created as a State-owned company in the late 1960s, Embraer was privatized in the mid- 1990s and became the main Brazilian company producing and exporting high-technology goods. The company diversified its operations within the aircraft business and added to its portfolio goods and services associated to its core activities. ...
  • Authors
    November 13, 2019
    The growth slowdown became evident in late 2017. World GDP at market exchange rates slowed from a seasonally adjusted annual rate of between 4 and 5% in the second half of 2017 to between 1.5% to 2% in the first half of 2019. The slowdown came as a big surprise and led to continuous revisions downwards of growth forecasts as shown yet again by the IMF’s World Economic Outlook issued last week. Nearly all observers and experts had expected the expansion of 2016/2017 to continue. Tha ...
  • November 13, 2019
    La décennie 2009-2019 a vu se développer les crypto-monnaies. Ce que certains appellent des unités de compte cryptées. Cette étude est consacrée à deux d’entre elles : le Bitcoin, créé en 2009, et la Libra, dont les premières devraient apparaître en 2020. Deux crypto-monnaies qui peuvent s’opposer ou se compléter. Unité de compte reconnue, le Bitcoin va vite apparaître aussi spéculatif, l’éloignant du caractère monétaire que certains veulent lui attribuer. A l’inverse, la Libra, mon ...
  • Authors
    November 8, 2019
    The Trump government has been imposing restrictions on access to technologies by Chinese telecommunications firms. Why and what are the consequences? The Federal Communications Commission is about to ban carriers from using government funds to buy equipment from Huawei and ZTE. Other government agencies are expected to take similar measures. This is just the latest episode of a gradual squeeze that the Trump government has been giving over China's telecommunications giant Huawei, ...
  • November 5, 2019
    In this brief, we review the evidence on Morocco’s export concentration, discuss its causes, and then draw some policy implications. The main message is that Morocco needs to raise its game in some less familiar markets and move outside its comfort zone. This implies not only investments by private firms, greater efforts on export promotion by the government and professional associations, but also deeper changes within Morocco, including in its educational system. Over the past two ...
  • Authors
    November 5, 2019
    Since 2013, armed conflict has raged in the Central African Republic, between the largely Muslim Seleka rebels and the predominantly Christian militias (known as the anti-Balaka). Rebel groups are controlling broad swathes of the country, exploiting mineral wealth, and levying taxes on cattle migration. Non-state actors such as the Popular Front for the Governance of the Central African Republic (FPRC), which claims to “govern” the country’s northeast, have severely tested the autho ...
  • Authors
    Morten Seja
    November 1, 2019
    The author is an alumnus of the Atlantic Dialogues Emeging Leaders Program 2014. The discussion on industry 4.0 (also often referred to as smart manufacturing or industrial internet of things – which is the term mostly used in the United States of America) has graduated from being a niche topic discussed (and implemented) by engineers in the world’s richest economies. If industry 4.0 has not physically arrived everywhere, it is at least in the minds of some: industry 4.0 in Africa, ...
  • Authors
    Samuel Arnaud
    October 28, 2019
    Africa, as a continent of economic opportunities, is attracting foreign players. In this context, India is emerging as an important partner, especially for Eastern and Southern Africa. The complexity of its geopolitical environment combined with internal specificities motivated the revival of interest for the continent. This paper draws on historical developments between India and African countries to provide the state of play of recent linkages. Those trends are better perceived th ...