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Effet coupe du monde : une nouvelle piste de réflexion à la quête d'une stratégie de déconfinement efficace
June 10, 2020

Ce travail vient explorer une nouvelle piste qui pourrait contribuer à une levée de confinement efficace. Il s’agit d’un phénomène que l’on appelle « effet coupe du monde ». Nous définissons, d’abord, ce phénomène, montrons son existence et son éventuel effet amplificateur au regard de la progression de la pandémie, en termes du nombre de cas infectés au pic et la durée encourue avant son atteinte. Partant de scénarios hypothétiques, en ce qui concerne les conditions initiales à la sortie du confinement, nous montrons qu’à probabilité constante d’infection, l’effet coupe du monde se traduit toujours par un nombre de cas infectés plus important au pic (Δy > 0) et une durée plus réduite avant son atteinte (Δx < 0). Nous discutons, enfin, des éléments pouvant contribuer à l’atténuation dudit effet. Cette discussion soutient que la levée du confinement, partiellement ou complètement, devrait s’accompagner du maintien des mesures de « distanciation sociale » et du port des masques, la limitation des contacts, la gestion prudente des flux de personnes et un contrôle particulier, voire une fermeture, des lieux des grands rassemblements, tels que les ‘Moussems’, les cinémas, les stades, les écoles, etc.

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