Publications /
Book / Report

Back
Africa Economic Symposium (AES) 3nd edition - SUMMARY REPORT
Authors
General rapporteur Mahmoud Arbouch
September 2, 2025

The Africa Economic Symposium (AES) has firmly established itself as one of the flagship annual events of the Policy Center for the New South, alongside the Atlantic Dialogues and the African Peace and Security Annual Conference (APSACO). Now in its third edition, AES continues to provide a unique platform for economists, policymakers, and academics from across the continent and beyond to exchange perspectives on the pressing macroeconomic and structural challenges facing Africa. Its mission remains to foster rigorous, evidence-based debates that inform policymaking and support long-term strategies for Africa’s development in an era of uncertainty. 

The 2025 edition, convened under the theme “Bold Moves amid Global Shifts,” explored the difficult policy trade-offs confronting African governments as they navigate a volatile global environment. The continent’s recovery from COVID-19 has been uneven, while debt pressures, supply chain disruptions, and geopolitical tensions weigh heavily on fiscal and economic resilience. Structural challenges such as persistent unemployment, low productivity, and the exclusion of Africa’s youth continue to hinder inclusive growth, even as policymakers are called upon to adapt to deep systemic uncertainty. 

The symposium underscored that many African states are increasingly resorting to short-term stabilization measures—such as accumulating reserves and postponing reforms—that may provide immediate security but risk delaying the structural transformation urgently needed. Against this backdrop, AES 2025 called for a careful balance between fiscal prudence, social investment, and the pursuit of sustainable growth, placing emphasis on reforming governance, improving macroeconomic management, and accelerating structural change. 

The discussions highlighted the urgent need to rethink Africa’s economic strategies in a shifting global order. From debt sustainability and the role of central banks to the promise of financial innovation, digital inclusion, and new instruments such as central bank digital currencies, the symposium emphasized that policy choices must align with long-term transformation goals. The debates also explored the opportunities and challenges of regional integration, trade connectivity, and development finance, all of which are essential levers for Africa’s resilience and prosperity. 

As in previous editions, the Annual Report on African Economies was launched alongside the symposium, offering an in-depth analysis of the continent’s macroeconomic dynamics and structural transformation pathways. More than just a publication, the report reflects the collective intellectual effort of leading scholars and practitioners, providing evidence-based insights to guide decision- makers. Together, the symposium and the report reinforced the Policy Center for the New South’s commitment to fostering forward-looking economic thinking that moves beyond short-term headlines to tackle Africa’s enduring challenges.

RELATED CONTENT

  • September 17, 2019
    INTERVIEW avec Patrick Plane 1/ Selon votre indice de compétitivité durable en matière d’attractivité, le Maroc occupait, en 2016, la 5ème place en Afrique, en même temps qu’il se situait en haut du tableau en termes de résistance aux vulnérabilités. Que révèlent pour vous ces classemen...
  • September 1, 2019
    Income inequality is high in Morocco. In 2013, the share of national income1  of the richest 10% in Morocco stood at nearly 32%, 12 times higher than the share of national income of the poorest 10% of the population. This paper argues that, drawing on international experience, there is much more that Morocco’s government can do to reduce inequality while at the same time enhancing growth and – possibly – doing so in a manner that is budget-neutral or even budget-positive. Top o ...
  • Authors
    Satyandra Nayak
    August 27, 2019
    Since the Fed’s July meeting, when the Fed Funds Rate had a 0.25% cut, fears about the impact of the US-China trade war on the global economy have escalated. The US yield curve inversion received much attention as a harbinger of a slowdown in the global and US economic outlooks. We approach here whether lights on next monetary policy events can be obtained from reading the minutes of the Fed’s meeting – and of the July meeting of the ECB governing council – released this week. The ...
  • Authors
    Mohammed Germouni
    August 26, 2019
    La création d’instruments financiers à la Conférence de Bretton Woods, à la fin de la Seconde  Guerre mondiale, était une nouveauté pour l’époque et avait sonné la fin du chacun pour soi « monétaire », en jetant les bases d’un système de changes fixes mais ajustables reconnaissant, cependant, et dès le départ, la primauté du dollar de la nouvelle grande puissance. Le Fonds monétaire international (FMI) devant se charger de venir en aide aux pays à la balance des paie ...
  • August 23, 2019
    Income inequality is high in Morocco. In 2013, the share of national income of the richest 10% in Morocco stood at nearly 32%, 12 times higher than the share of national income of the poorest 10% of the population. High inequality can adversely affect long-term growth as it tends to be associated with underutilization of human potential. This paper argues that, drawing on international experience, there is much more that Morocco’s government can do to reduce inequality while at the ...
  • Authors
    Christos Daoulas
    August 22, 2019
    This note approaches the relationship between natural wealth and economic growth, using the case of Sub-Sahara African economies as an illustration. Delving into recent World Bank reports, it highlights how a sustained positive correlation between natural capital and GDP growth happens through the transformation of the former into other forms of assets: produced capital, human capital and other intangible assets. Governance features and the quality of macroeconomic policies are of t ...
  • Authors
    August 19, 2019
    Argentina’s peso tumbled and stocks plunged after last Sunday’s primary elections. The perception of a likely victory of President Macri’s opponents – Alberto Fernandez, and running mate, Christina Fernandez de Kirchner - has sparked a new shift in investor preferences away from peso assets, pressures on the exchange rate, and hikes on sovereign spreads. Unless fears of a return to policies prevailing before Macri are assuaged, the market rout tends to deepen as a negative feedback ...
  • Authors
    Laurence Kotlikoff
    August 15, 2019
    Thirty months into President Trump's radical trade policy, it is time to take stock. American firms tend to give the President the benefit of the doubt - that the aim is not protection (which most don't want) but opening up markets overseas, striking better trade deals, and reducing the nation's big trade deficit. So far, however, none of this has happened. Instead, there is virulent uncertainty, barriers against American firms are going up, Europe, Japan and China have struck impor ...