La Course au Vaccin Anti-COVID-19 : à la Croisée des Intérêts Géopolitiques et Géoéconomiques

February 16, 2021

Alors que la pandémie de COVID-19 a mis à nu l’avènement d’un monde désolidarisé, l’élaboration tant espérée d’un vaccin contre le nouveau Coronavirus n’a fait que porter cette désolidarisation à son paroxysme. En effet, la course vers l’accaparement des doses de vaccin a mis en lumière l’image d’un monde désuni où une myriade d’Etats, en quête de souveraineté sanitaire, s’affrontent dans une course acharnée contre la montre. C’est ainsi qu’en sus de leur rôle sanitaire, les grands laboratoires pharmaceutiques sont devenus acteurs d’une compétition géopolitique ayant pour objectif de permettre aux pays qu’ils représentent de dominer le marché des vaccins, leur permettant ainsi de satisfaire leur besoin interne, de regagner la confiance populaire et de relancer leur économie domestique d’un côté, et de se réserver une place d’exception dans les rapports de force internationaux de l’autre. La bataille que se livrent ces Etats est d’autant plus dangereuse que le politique y prime sur le sanitaire, conditionnant l’accès au vaccin à différentes alliances et rivalités géopolitiques. La course au vaccin contre la COVID-19 met particulièrement en danger les pays les plus vulnérables, notamment ceux du Sud, déjà très fragilisés par cette crise sans précédent. Les contraintes logistiques et matérielles limitant les capacités de production posent inévitablement des obstacles à la distribution équitable des doses, les pourvoyeurs peinant d’ores et déjà à satisfaire les précommandes des grandes économies, augurant une pénurie bien plus aigüe pour les pays comptant sur la solidarité des initiatives internationales ou multilatérales, telles que le mécanisme COVAX. Par ailleurs, la frénésie provoquée par cette course aux vaccins pourrait entrainer une hausse dramatique des prix unitaires, permettant à ceux détenant la mainmise sur le marché des vaccins de bénéficier de profits conséquents, mais portant inévitablement préjudice aux pays qui ne disposent pas de moyens suffisants au paiement des droits d’accès aux vaccins. Conscient que le vaccin contre la COVID-19 ne pourrait être efficace que s’il est généralisé et mis à la disposition de tous, le directeur général de l’Organisation Mondiale de la Santé (OMS), Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, a dénoncé le nationalisme vaccinal dont ont fait preuve de nombreux pays, appelant à une plus grande solidarité internationale et exhortant les pays riches à cesser de conclure des « accords bilatéraux » avec les laboratoires pharmaceutiques.

Speakers
Uri Dadush
Non-Resident Senior Fellow
Uri Dadush is non-resident Senior Fellow at the Policy Center for the New South, where he served as Senior Fellow from its founding in 2014 until 2022. He is Research Professor at the School of Public Policy, University of Maryland and a non-resident scholar at Bruegel. He is based in Washington, DC, and is Principal of Economic Policy International, LLC, providing consulting services to the World Bank and to other international organizations as well as corporations. Previously, he served as Director of the International Economics Program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace and, at the World Bank, was Director of the International Trade, Economic Policy, and Development Prospects Departments. In the private sector before that he was President of the Economist Int ...
Larabi Jaïdi
Senior Fellow
Larabi Jaïdi is a Senior Fellow at the Policy Center for the New South and an Affiliate Professor at Mohammed VI Polytechnic University. His areas of expertise include international economy, economic policies, international economic relations, regional economies, social development, international relations, and Mediterranean studies. He also served on the Special Commission on the New Development Model of Morocco, a consultative body created in November 2019 to formulate the country's new developmental guidelines. Jaïdi is a former Professor at Mohamed V University in Rabat-Agdal and a founding member of both the Centre Marocain de Conjoncture and the Groupement d’Etudes et de Recherches sur la Méditerranée.   Prof. Jaïdi previously served as Advisor to the Prime Minister an ...

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