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Chapitre 6 - Les corridors de l’Afrique de l’Est : un vecteur d’intégration régionale sous-optimisé ?
September 19, 2023

Les corridors sont essentiellement de grands axes de transport facilitant la circulation des personnes et des biens entre des régions et entre des pays limitrophes. L’organisation de ces voies est complexe, parce qu’elles sont généralement multimodales et impliquent de multiples passages de frontières. L’Afrique s’est lancée depuis quelques années dans le développement et la mise en réseaux des infrastructures des corridors de toutes ses régions. La Communauté de l’Afrique de l’Est (CEA) présente un cas d’étude intéressant pour comprendre l’apport des corridors au développement intégré d’une communauté régionale. Leur rôle est particulièrement important pour les pays enclavés pour lesquels ils constituent des artères vitales aux échanges commerciaux, offrant souvent les seuls accès terrestres aux ports connectés aux marchés régionaux et internationaux. Ils sont aussi cruciaux pour la vitalité des hubs portuaires de la façade maritime. Les performances de ces corridors ne sont pas seulement déterminées par des facteurs techniques et financiers. Divers enjeux interviennent, dans leur transformation de réseaux de connexion et de transit vers des espaces de développement économique (rivalité-complémentarité des hubs, coordination des choix, sécurité de la mobilité, captation des ressources extérieures).

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