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« Quand les éléphants se battent », l'Afrique transforme : nouvelle géopolitique des chaînes d'approvisionnement en minerais critiques et émergence de chaînes de valeur locales
Authors
Sabrine Emran
Oussama Tayebi
February 20, 2024
Related topics: 
International Relations
Geopolitics
Commodities & Energy
Natural Resources
Africa

Le contexte de tensions géopolitiques accrues et rémanentes que connaît le monde depuis quelques années, marqué par la dégradation des relations entre les États-Unis et la Chine, l'escalade des tensions à Taïwan, et le conflit entre la Russie et l'Ukraine, a engendré des répercussions majeures sur les politiques d'approvisionnement en minerais stratégiques et critiques de plusieurs États. Les récentes crises, notamment la pandémie de COVID-19 et le conflit en Ukraine, ont mis en évidence la vulnérabilité des chaînes d'approvisionnement mondiales face aux chocs et aléas géopolitiques, poussant de nombreux pays à repenser leur approche en ce qui concerne la sécurisation des matières premières et la diversification des sources d’approvisionnement.

En effet, les inquiétudes liées à la dépendance excessive à l'approvisionnement en provenance de certains partenaires, considérés comme risqués ou peu fiables, ont incité de nombreux pays à repenser leur approche en matière de sécurité d'approvisionnement. C’est dans cet esprit que nous avons vu émerger des stratégies visant à favoriser la relocalisation, la « nearshorisation » ou la « friendshorisation » de tout ou partie de certaines chaînes de valeurs liées aux minerais critiques ainsi que l’investissement dans le développement de procédés de recyclage et de substitution.

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