Publications /
Book / Report

Back
Africa Economic Symposium (AES) 3nd edition - SUMMARY REPORT
Authors
General rapporteur Mahmoud Arbouch
September 2, 2025

The Africa Economic Symposium (AES) has firmly established itself as one of the flagship annual events of the Policy Center for the New South, alongside the Atlantic Dialogues and the African Peace and Security Annual Conference (APSACO). Now in its third edition, AES continues to provide a unique platform for economists, policymakers, and academics from across the continent and beyond to exchange perspectives on the pressing macroeconomic and structural challenges facing Africa. Its mission remains to foster rigorous, evidence-based debates that inform policymaking and support long-term strategies for Africa’s development in an era of uncertainty. 

The 2025 edition, convened under the theme “Bold Moves amid Global Shifts,” explored the difficult policy trade-offs confronting African governments as they navigate a volatile global environment. The continent’s recovery from COVID-19 has been uneven, while debt pressures, supply chain disruptions, and geopolitical tensions weigh heavily on fiscal and economic resilience. Structural challenges such as persistent unemployment, low productivity, and the exclusion of Africa’s youth continue to hinder inclusive growth, even as policymakers are called upon to adapt to deep systemic uncertainty. 

The symposium underscored that many African states are increasingly resorting to short-term stabilization measures—such as accumulating reserves and postponing reforms—that may provide immediate security but risk delaying the structural transformation urgently needed. Against this backdrop, AES 2025 called for a careful balance between fiscal prudence, social investment, and the pursuit of sustainable growth, placing emphasis on reforming governance, improving macroeconomic management, and accelerating structural change. 

The discussions highlighted the urgent need to rethink Africa’s economic strategies in a shifting global order. From debt sustainability and the role of central banks to the promise of financial innovation, digital inclusion, and new instruments such as central bank digital currencies, the symposium emphasized that policy choices must align with long-term transformation goals. The debates also explored the opportunities and challenges of regional integration, trade connectivity, and development finance, all of which are essential levers for Africa’s resilience and prosperity. 

As in previous editions, the Annual Report on African Economies was launched alongside the symposium, offering an in-depth analysis of the continent’s macroeconomic dynamics and structural transformation pathways. More than just a publication, the report reflects the collective intellectual effort of leading scholars and practitioners, providing evidence-based insights to guide decision- makers. Together, the symposium and the report reinforced the Policy Center for the New South’s commitment to fostering forward-looking economic thinking that moves beyond short-term headlines to tackle Africa’s enduring challenges.

RELATED CONTENT

  • September 10, 2021
    The COVID-19 pandemic caused a shock to both demand and supply, leading to the biggest collapse in world output since the Great Depression. Since late 2020, a more rapid than expected recovery has been observed. Five questions arise frequently. Here is my take on those questions. 1- Is the pandemic receding? No, but we have a vaccine to control it, and are better at managing it with selective measures, as distinct from total lockdowns, which kill the economy. The global number of ...
  • September 10, 2021
    Le bilan des relations Europe/Méditerranée et Europe/Afrique invite aujourd’hui à un renouveau de ces partenariats. Un renouveau car il y a retrait partiel de l’Europe en ce qui concerne les questions de développement du voisinage Méditerranée-Afrique dans un temps où les partenariats actuels [de Barcelone et celui de Cotonou] s’emboitent dans la logique du commerce (libre-échange) et de l’aide financière. Le renouveau du partenariat Euro-méditerranée-Afrique devrait s’inscrire dans ...
  • Authors
    September 8, 2021
    We explore whether improved export sophistication increases women’s participation in wage employment. Using panel data from a large group of developing and emerging economies, and Fixed-effects and Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) estimators, we find that export sophistication has significant and mostly positive effects on women’s participation in paid employment in all regions, but these effects are nonlinear, since they become positive only after a threshold level of sophistica ...
  • September 6, 2021
    L’Union européenne (UE) a annoncé le 14 juillet une proposition de taxe carbone à ses frontières, qui devrait renchérir les importations de produits fortement émetteurs (acier, aluminium, ciment, électricité et engrais). Cette même taxe est déjà appliquée au sein de l’UE, qui veut désormais l’imposer aux fabricants étrangers. En soi, le projet part d’une bonne intention. Il n’est pas motivé par le protectionnisme, mais par des préoccupations climatiques on ne peut plus justiíées. S ...
  • September 1, 2021
    The world woke on Monday August 23 to higher international reserves for all countries. A new allocation of US$650 billion in Special Drawing Rights (SDRs) from the International Monetary Fund (IMF) to its member countries had entered into force (SDR450 billion). SDRs are an international reserve asset created by the IMF and added to countries' other foreign reserves. It is not a currency that can be used by private agents. Governments, on the other hand, can unconditionality exchan ...
  • August 24, 2021
    تجدون أقوى لحظات حديث الثلاثاء حول المواضيع الاقتصادية لهذه السنة : رؤى استشرافية لما بعد الجائحة، الاقتصاد غير المهيكل، دور القطاع الثالث، المغرب وسلاسل القيمة الاقليمية مع خبراء وباحثين اقتصادين ...
  • August 24, 2021
    تجدون أقوى لحظات حديث الثلاثاء حول المواضيع الاقتصادية لهذه السنة : رؤى استشرافية لما بعد الجائحة، الاقتصاد غير المهيكل، دور القطاع الثالث، المغرب وسلاسل القيمة الاقليمية مع خبراء وباحثين اقتصادين. ...
  • Authors
    August 12, 2021
    Macroeconomic dynamics in the U.S. economy has increasingly become associated with asset price fluctuations in the past few decades. Financial conditions have increasingly become an influential factor shaping the cyclical pace of the macroeconomy. There has been a mismatch between rising financial wealth and the pace of creation and incorporation of new assets. Several secular stagnation hypotheses offer explanations for the insufficient creation of new assets. Public debt—and its p ...
  • August 9, 2021
    The International Monetary Fund’s tenth annual External Sector Report (ESR, August 2021) shows how current account deficits in the global economy widened in 2020 during the pandemic. On the other hand, the ESR also argues that overall, the misalignment between fundamentals and current account balances has not been exacerbated. The pandemic widened current account imbalances… The sum of absolute values of current account deficits and surpluses went from 2.8% of global GDP in 2019 t ...