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L’avenir se décide aujourd’hui : pour une stratégie marocaine des minerais critiques et stratégiques
October 31, 2025

Le secteur minier traverse une période critique où convergent transition énergétique mondiale, recompositions des chaînes d'approvisionnement et ambitions nationales d'industrialisation. Le Maroc, pays doté d'un patrimoine minier diversifié incluant phosphate, cobalt, cuivre et autres minerais critiques, dispose d'un réel potentiel pour s'imposer comme acteur incontournable de la transition énergétique.

Toutefois, l'absence de stratégie nationale dédiée, le manque de coordination intersectorielle et la prédominance des exportations de matières brutes limitent la capacité du pays à capter le potentiel réel de ces minerais et à développer des filières industrielles compétitives. Dans un contexte international marqué par l'émergence d'une « diplomatie minérale » et la multiplication des coalitions entre puissances, le Maroc doit simultanément structurer son approche nationale et se positionner sur les scènes régionale et mondiale.

Ce policy paper propose une réflexion stratégique sur ces thèmes, articulée autour de trois dimensions complémentaires. La première souligne l'impératif d'élaborer une stratégie nationale globale, fruit d'un débat associant acteurs publics, secteur privé, recherche et société civile, définissant les priorités en matière de minerais critiques et stratégiques et favorisant la transformation locale. La deuxième dimension explore les opportunités de coopération africaine et Sud-Sud, plaçant le Maroc comme catalyseur de coalitions régionales permettant de mutualiser ressources et compétences, de structurer des chaînes de valeur continentales et de renforcer le pouvoir de négociation des pays producteurs. La troisième dimension, enfin, examine le positionnement international du royaume dans les débats sur la gouvernance des minerais critiques, incluant les enjeux émergents tels que l'exploitation des grands fonds marins.

L'analyse démontre que la valorisation du potentiel minier marocain requiert une vision intégrée conjuguant développement industriel national, leadership régional et insertion stratégique dans les partenariats internationaux.

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