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La réforme du Conseil de sécurité de l’ONU Bilan et perspectives
September 13, 2019

Au moment où le multilatéralisme se trouve mis à mal dans sa triple dimension de maintien de la paix et de la sécurité internationales, du développement du commerce international et de la lutte contre le changement climatique, de plus en plus de voix s’élèvent appelant à une réforme en profondeur des instances chargées de promouvoir ces objectifs fondamentaux de l’agenda international. Ce vent de réformes ne semble épargner ni l’Organisation mondiale du Commerce (OMC), ni la Banque mondiale (BM), ni le Fonds monétaire international (FMI), ni, a fortiori, l’Organisation des Nations-unies (ONU).

De par la visibilité et la médiatisation de son action et sa carence à agir dans des situations, telles que celles de la Palestine et de la Syrie, le Conseil de sécurité des Nations-unies focalise les critiques les plus virulentes. Mais, ce n’est pas là une nouveauté. En effet, depuis la mise en place, en 1945, de l’architecture des Nations-unies, les pouvoirs exorbitants que les puissances victorieuses se sont arrogés, à travers le droit de veto et l’usage abusif qui en a été fait, ont valu au Conseil de sécurité des critiques d’inefficacité, d’impuissance et d’instrumentalisation au service des intérêts des Grandes puissances.

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