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Quelles options pour l’intégration monétaire en zone CEDEAO ?
Authors
Moubarack Lo
Mohamed Ben Omar NDIAYE
June 15, 2022

La question de la mise en œuvre du projet de monnaie unique de la CEDEAO a encore été au centre des discussions entre les chefs d’État de la CEDEAO lors de leur 57ème session ordinaire, tenue à Niamey le 7 septembre 2020, et lors de laquelle ils ont décidé pour diverses raisons un nouveau report à une date ultérieure, après ceux de 2003, 2005, 2009 et 2015. Les chefs d’État ont aussi évoqué l’élaboration d’une « nouvelle feuille de route », sans toutefois déterminer un nouveau calendrier.

Compte tenu de toutes les incertitudes actuelles liées à cette mise en œuvre, certains pays membres s’interrogent sur la crédibilité et les opportunités de la monnaie unique, voire les coûts et les avantages potentiels d’intégrer la future zone ECO.

Pour répondre à ces interrogations, cette étude fait d’abord une analyse avantages-coûts de l’adhésion à l’ECO ainsi que de l’opportunité du changement du régime de change (fixe ou flottant), en analysant différents scénarios (notamment le contexte de la CEDEAO avec ou sans le Nigeria). Enfin, une série de recommandations de réformes et de politiques économiques sont proposées.

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