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Abhijit Banerjee, Esther Duflo et Michael Kremer L'Economie du développement gagne ses lettres de noblesse
February 21, 2020

En distinguant trois économistes reconnu(e)s pour leurs travaux sur l'approche de la pauvreté, les Nobel 2019 ont redonné ses lettres de noblesse à l'économie du développement. Mais, cette nomination c'est aussi la validation d'une méthode d'analyse, jusqu'alors essentiellement utilisée en médecine, méthode d'expérimentation aléatoire, encore appelée randomisation. C'est, donc, un nouveau tournant que prend la recherche économique, celui d'une démarche empirique commencée il y a une dizaine d'années, incarnée, par exemple, par T. Piketty. En distinguant E. Duflo, le jury Nobel a distingué une seconde femme, après E. Ostrom, en 2009, faisant d'elle la plus jeune lauréate de ce prestigieux Prix, devant K. Arrow, lauréat à 51 ans. Si les noms d'A. Banerjee et d'E. Duflo sont indissociables à double titre, mariés depuis 2015 et co-fondateurs de J-PAL Lab, celui de M. Kremer l'est tout autant de « Kremer O-Ring of Economic Development. Tous trois vont faire de la randomisation au cours des quinze dernières années, la méthodologie favorite de la Banque mondiale (BM).

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